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Marcel Nadsari (or Nadjari) was a Greek Jew who was deported to Auschwitz in April 1944. He survived the war, and in 1947 wrote down some memoirs. In 1980, a thermos bottle was found near the ruins of Crematorium III at Birkenau containing several handwritten pages in Greek which are signed with Nadsari’s name. In…
Ludwik Nagraba was a former Auschwitz inmate who testified during the Höss show trial on 22 March 1947. In September 1947, he made a deposition in preparation of the Krakow show trial against former members of the Auschwitz camp staff. Nagraba claimed to have been admitted to the Auschwitz Camp on 15 February 1941, where…
Marco Nahon was a Greek Jew who was interned at the Auschwitz Camp from May 1943 until October 1944. Toward the end of his stay, when SS surveillance allegedly slacked, he claimed to have been able to talk to some members of the Sonderkommando. He presented his narration of an inspection of a crematorium and…
The Natzweiler Camp, located in Alsace, operated from May 1941 until September 1944. It is also sometimes referred to as the Struthof Camp. It was a concentration and forced-labor camp. Within the framework of the Holocaust, this camp entered the scene in 1942, when the macabre topic of a collection of human skeletons involving the…
Arthur Nebe (13 Nov. 1894 – 21 March 1945), SS Gruppenführer, became head of Germany’s Criminal Police in 1936. In 1939, one of Nebe’s subordinates, Christian Wirth, got involved in supervising the so-called euthanasia action, which is said to have consisted of killing severely mentally disabled patients with bottled carbon-monoxide gas. Hence, Nebe was probably…
Between the summer of 1942 and September 1944, some 105,000 Jews were deported from the Netherlands, mainly to Auschwitz and Sobibór, but some also to Theresienstadt, with the ultimate destination again being Auschwitz. The first set of transports between July 1942 and February 1943 went to Auschwitz. Their fate there was probably similar to that…
The Neuengamme Concentration Camp was established in 1938 near a village of the same name in the southeast of Hamburg. Its relevance for Holocaust historiography lies in claims about a few select homicidal gassings in that camp. There is no wartime source for this. No documents confirm any witness claim in this regard, and the…
As soon as Germany had defeated Poland in late September 1939, Reinhardt Heydrich, head of Germany’s Department of Homeland Security (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, RSHA), issued directives on how to handle the “Jewish question” in the occupied territories. One of these directives was the so-called Nisko Plan, which foresaw the creation of a Jewish reservation in southeastern Poland…
The Dora-Mittelbau Camp was the nucleus of a network of forced-labor camps in and around the Harz Mountains in Thuringia, Central Germany. It served primarily to provide a slave-labor force to factories of Germany’s defense industries. Among them featured most prominently the underground production facilities of the so-called V Weapons (Vergeltungswaffen, retaliation weapons), meaning the…
Some 800 Jews were deported from Norway, with the Auschwitz Camp as their main destination. Few of these Jews reported back with the local authorities after the war. Most of them have gone missing, and their fate is unclear. (See the entry on Jewish demography for a broader perspective.)
Dawid Nowodowski was one of the first witnesses to testify about the Treblinka Camp. He was deported there on 18 August 1942, but managed to escape after just a few days. On 28 August 1942, hence before any propaganda or alleged witness accounts about this camp started spreading, he wrote a “Report of the stay…
During the International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg, the Allied victors tried 24 major German war criminals. However, already during the preparation of this tribunal, the victorious powers agreed that many more suspected war criminals needed to be prosecuted. But since it had proven very difficult to get all four Allied powers to agree on…
Miklos Nyiszli (17 June 1901 – 5 May 1956) was deported from what was Hungary to Auschwitz in the context of the wholesale deportation of Hungary’s Jews. He arrived at Auschwitz on 29 May 1944. He spent two weeks at the Monowitz Camp, but due to the fact that he was a physician, he was…
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